Direct and Indirect Speech شرح مفصل

[غروب الشمس 2]

السلام عليكم اليوم حبيت نشرحلكم درس الكلام المباشر والكلام الغير مباشر Direct and Indirect Speech
** [FONT=&quot]يوجد طريقتين لكي نذكر أو ننقل ما يقوله شخص[/FONT] :

1 - [FONT=&quot]كلام مباشر[/FONT] : ( Direct speech )

He said , " I'm going home

2 - [FONT=&quot]كلام غير مباشر[/FONT] : ( Indirect speech )

He says he's going home

He said he was going home

* * [FONT=&quot]الكلام المباشر يذكر نص الكلمات الفعلية التي يقولها المتكلم[/FONT] .

[FONT=&quot]ولكن نضعها بين علامتي تنصيص[/FONT] . " ............ "

** [FONT=&quot]الأفعال[/FONT] say [FONT=&quot]و[/FONT] tell [FONT=&quot]تنقل أخبار أو أفكار . ( جملة خبرية[/FONT] )

** [FONT=&quot]الفعل[/FONT] say [FONT=&quot]لا يتبعه مفعول مباشر عندما يستخدم كفعل ناقل لخبر[/FONT] .[FONT=&quot] ولكن الفعل[/FONT] tell [FONT=&quot]يجب أن يتبعه مفعول مباشر[/FONT] .

Peter says that there's game this evening

( [FONT=&quot]بيتر يقول أنه يوجد مباراة هذا المساء[/FONT] )

Jane told me that it begins at eight o'clock

( [FONT=&quot]جان أخبرتني أنها ستبدأ الساعة الثامنة[/FONT] )


[FONT=&quot]أولا : الجمل الخبرية[/FONT]


** [FONT=&quot]نقل خبر في المضارع[/FONT] :


* [FONT=&quot] عندما يكون فعل القول[/FONT] ( tell - say ) [FONT=&quot]في المضارع ، لا يتغير زمن[/FONT] [FONT=&quot]الفعل في الكلام المباشر عند تحويله إلي غير مباشر . ولكن تتغير الضمائر[/FONT][FONT=&quot]والصفات والظروف[/FONT] .

1- Direct : She says , " I haven't done my homework

Indirect : She says that she hasn't done her homework

* [FONT=&quot]لاحظ ما يلي[/FONT] :

- [FONT=&quot]استخدام[/FONT] that [FONT=&quot]بعد فعل القول[/FONT] says

- [FONT=&quot]حذف علامات التنصيص[/FONT] " ......... "

- [FONT=&quot]تحويل[/FONT] I [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] She .. [FONT=&quot]وتحويل[/FONT] my [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] her

- [FONT=&quot]تحويل[/FONT] haven't [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] hasn't [FONT=&quot]لأن[/FONT] She [FONT=&quot]مفرد[/FONT] .

( [FONT=&quot]ضمير الفاعل[/FONT] I [FONT=&quot]يعامل معاملة الضمائر الجمع[/FONT] )


2 – Direct : " I can't stand classical music ." Mary tells me

Indirect : Mary tells me that she can't stand classical music

* [FONT=&quot]لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] I [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] she


3 – Direct : " We'll be home next Tuesday . " he says

Indirect : He says that they will be home the following Tuesday

* [FONT=&quot]لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] We [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] they .. [FONT=&quot]وتحويل[/FONT] next [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] the following


4 - Direct : " I'm not feeling very well ." Simon says

Indirect : Simon says that he's not feeling very well

* [FONT=&quot]لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] I [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] he [FONT=&quot]لأن الضمير[/FONT] he [FONT=&quot]هنا يشير إلي[/FONT] Simon

[FONT=&quot]وكذلك لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] am [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] is


5 – Direct : " I don't know how much it costs." She says

Indirect : She says that she doesn't know how much it costs

* [FONT=&quot]لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] I [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] she .. [FONT=&quot]و تحويل[/FONT] don't [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] doesn't

[FONT=&quot]لأن[/FONT] she [FONT=&quot]مفرد [/FONT]


6 – Direct : " We haven't had anything to eat." The children say

Indirect : The children say that they haven't had anything to eat

* [FONT=&quot]لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] We [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] they [FONT=&quot]لأن[/FONT] they [FONT=&quot]تشير إلي[/FONT] the children


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------


* [FONT=&quot] نقل خبر في الماضي[/FONT] : [FONT=&quot]عندما يكون فعل القول في الماضي[/FONT] ( said – told ) [FONT=&quot]يتغير زمن الفعل في الكلام المباشر [/FONT][FONT=&quot] من المضارع إلي الماضي عند تحويله إلي غير مباشر .. كما يلي[/FONT] :


Will ----> would

Shall ----> should

Can ---- > could

Must - ---> had to

[FONT=&quot]وكذلك نحول[/FONT] :

- [FONT=&quot]المضارع البسيط إلي ماضي بسيط [/FONT]

- [FONT=&quot]المضارع المستمر إلي ماضي مستمر [/FONT]

- [FONT=&quot]الماضي المستمر إلي ماضي تام مستمر[/FONT]

- [FONT=&quot]المضارع التام إلي ماضي تام [/FONT]

- [FONT=&quot]الماضي البسيط إلي ماضي تام [/FONT] ** [FONT=&quot]بالإضافة إلي تغيير الأزمنة ، هناك كلمات أخري تحتاج تغييرها عند التحويل من الكلام[/FONT][FONT=&quot]المباشر إلي الكلام الغير مباشر[/FONT] .


Tomorrow ----> the next day

Here ----> there

This morning ----> that morning

Tonight ----> that night

Next Tuesday / on Tuesday ----> the following Tuesday

Last Tuesday ----> the previous Tuesday

Last ----> the previous

Yesterday ---- > the day before

This ----> that

Today ----> that day

Ago ----> before / previously

The day after tomorrow ---> in two days' time


*** [FONT=&quot]بعض الأفعال لا تتغير عند التحويل من مباشر إلي غير مباشر[/FONT] .


Would ----> would

Should ----> should

Could ----> could

Might ---> might

Ought to ---> ought to


1- Direct : " I'll talk to Mr. Jones. " he said

Indirect : He said that he'd talk to Mr. Jones

* [FONT=&quot] لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] 'll [FONT=&quot]وهي اختصار[/FONT] will [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] 'd [FONT=&quot]وهي اختصار[/FONT] would

[FONT=&quot]وتحويل[/FONT] I [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] he


2- Direct : " I haven't seen anybody." She said

Indirect : She said that she hadn't seen anybody

* [FONT=&quot]لاحظ تحويل المضارع التام المنفي[/FONT] ( haven't seen ( [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT][FONT=&quot]ماضي تام منفي[/FONT] ( hadn't seen ) . [FONT=&quot] ولاحظ تحويل[/FONT] I [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] she


3- Direct : " I must go. " he said

Indirect : He said that he had to go

* [FONT=&quot] لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] I [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] he .. [FONT=&quot]وتحويل[/FONT] must [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] had to


4 – Direct : " I'm very tired. " she said

Indirect : She said that she was very tired

* [FONT=&quot]لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] I [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] she .. [FONT=&quot]وتحويل[/FONT] am [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] was


5 – Direct : " I'm having a bath." she said

Indirect : She said that she was having a bath

* [FONT=&quot]لاحظ تحويل المضارع المستمر[/FONT] ( am having ) [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT][FONT=&quot]ماضي مستمر[/FONT] ( was having ) .. [FONT=&quot] وتحويل[/FONT] I [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] she


6 – Direct : " I walked home after the party. " he said

Indirect : He said that he'd walked home after the party

* [FONT=&quot]لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] I [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] he .. [FONT=&quot]وتحويل الماضي البسيط[/FONT] ( walked ) [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT][FONT=&quot]ماضي تام[/FONT] ( had walked ) .. [FONT=&quot] ولاحظ أن[/FONT] 'd [FONT=&quot]هي اختصار[/FONT] had


7 – Direct : " I spoke to Jane last week ." she said

Indirect : She said that she'd spoken to Jane the previous week

* [FONT=&quot]لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] I [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] she .. [FONT=&quot]وتحويل الماضي البسيط[/FONT] ( spoke ) [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT][FONT=&quot]ماضي تام[/FONT] ( had spoken ) .. [FONT=&quot] ولاحظ أيضا تحويل[/FONT] last week [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT]

the previous week


8 - Direct : " I'll see you tomorrow." she said

Indirect : She said that she'd see me the next day

* [FONT=&quot]لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] ll' [FONT=&quot]وهي اختصار[/FONT] will [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] d' [FONT=&quot]وهي اختصار[/FONT] would ..

[FONT=&quot] ولاحظ تحويل[/FONT] tomorrow [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] the next day .. [FONT=&quot] وأيضا لاحظ تحويل [/FONT]

I [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] she [FONT=&quot]وتحويل[/FONT] you [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] me


9 - Direct : " I saw her today." he said

Indirect : He said that he had seen her that day

* [FONT=&quot]لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] I ا[FONT=&quot]لي[/FONT] he .. [FONT=&quot]وتحويل الماضي البسيط[/FONT] ( saw ) [FONT=&quot]إلي ماضي[/FONT][FONT=&quot]تام[/FONT] ( had seen ) .. [FONT=&quot] وكذلك لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] today [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] that day


10 - Direct : " I'll see Mary on Sunday ." she said

Indirect : She said that she'd see Mary the following Sunday

* [FONT=&quot]لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] I [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] she .. [FONT=&quot]وتحويل[/FONT] ll' [FONT=&quot]وهي اختصار[/FONT] will [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] d' [FONT=&quot]وهي[/FONT][FONT=&quot]اختصار[/FONT] would .. [FONT=&quot]ولاحظ تحويل[/FONT] on Sunday [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] the following Sunday


11 - Direct : " I met her about three months ago ." he said

Indirect : He said that he'd met her about three months before

* [FONT=&quot]لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] I [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] he .. [FONT=&quot]وتحويل الماضي البسيط[/FONT] ( met ) [FONT=&quot]إلي ماضي تام[/FONT]

( had met ) [FONT=&quot]حيث[/FONT] d' [FONT=&quot]هي اختصار[/FONT] had .. [FONT=&quot]ولاحظ تحويل[/FONT] ago [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] before

*** [FONT=&quot] لاحظ أن[/FONT] d' [FONT=&quot]إذا جاء بعدها تصريف ثالث لفعل تكون اختصار[/FONT] had .. [FONT=&quot]وإذا جاء[/FONT][FONT=&quot]بعدها فعل في المصدر تكون اختصار[/FONT] would


12 - Direct : " We visited her this morning." they said

Indirect : They said that they had visited her that morning

* [FONT=&quot]لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] we [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] they .. [FONT=&quot]وتحويل الماضي البسيط[/FONT] ( visited ) [FONT=&quot]إلي [/FONT][FONT=&quot]ماضي تام[/FONT] ( had visited ) .. [FONT=&quot] وكذلك لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] this [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] that


13 - Direct : " We'll see her next week." they said

Indirect : They said that they'd see her the following week

* [FONT=&quot]لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] we [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] they .. [FONT=&quot]وتحويل[/FONT] will [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] would .. [FONT=&quot]وكذلك لاحظ [/FONT] [FONT=&quot]تحويل[/FONT] next week [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] the following week


14 - Direct : " It would be great if he could play in our group." she said

Indirect : She said that it would be great if you could play in their
group

* [FONT=&quot]لاحظ تحويل[/FONT] he [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] you .. [FONT=&quot]وتحويل[/FONT] our [FONT=&quot]إلي[/FONT] their .. [FONT=&quot]وكذلك لاحظ بقاء[/FONT]

would [FONT=&quot]و[/FONT] could [FONT=&quot]بدون تغيير عند التحويل إلي غير مباشر[/FONT]


نتمنى تكونو ستافدتو
انتظروني قريبا :bye01:

 

[racha001]

رد: Direct and Indirect Speech شرح مفصل

thanls a lot honney

 

[ثَسْكُورْثْ نَثْدُوكْلِي]

رد: Direct and Indirect Speech شرح مفصل

بارك الله فيك شرح راائع

وراح يفيد الطلبة

موفقة

تحياتي

 

[Mr Brahim]

رد: Direct and Indirect Speech شرح مفصل

nice topic thx​

 

[جيهان جوجو]

رد: Direct and Indirect Speech شرح مفصل

thank you